If Married Men Love Their Wives, Why Do They Cheat?

If Married Men Love Their Wives, Why Do They Cheat?-Questions

I often write about getting past an affair in order to save your marriage and I have a blog where I share my own story of having to do the same. One of the most base comments or questions that I get is "how can men who love their wives cheat? Why do they do this? How can these things happen at the same time, because if he in fact loved me, he wouldn't have cheated." This is a somewhat loaded question, but in this article, I will offer up what I think are the answers because, in my experience, men who have had affairs in fact can and often do still love their wives - they are just incredibly good at separating one thing from another and compartmentalizing - in a way that women often can not.

Questions

Why Married Men Cheat, (Even Though They May Still Love Their Wives): I used to think that affairs were all about sex, a mid life crises, or recapturing a man's youth. I've since learned that this is often not the case. There are some studies which indicate that men overwhelmingly cheat for emotional reasons - and not physical ones.

This means it's not all about hot sex with a pretty young thing - it's about feeling understood, valued, appreciated, and desirable. In truth, men are seeking the same things that we all want. But, the distinction is that men's communication skills are often lacking - so much so that often they don't even know that they are doing this.

Unfortunately, their brain doesn't say to them: "man, I am in fact feeling unappreciated, lonely, and vulnerable. I need to discuss this with my wife and ask for more of her time, affection, and validation." Instead, they just start feeling incredibly dissatisfied and restless, and they don't know why but they want this to stop. Then, unfortunate circumstances and opportunity present themselves to originate the perfect storm. So, more often than not, these set of circumstances work together to place them at the wrong place at the wrong time.

Very often (more than I can tell you) men do not wake up in the morning reasoning "Ok, today's the day that I'm going to have an affair," or "alright, I've decided to cheat on my wife." Rather, it just happens without their stopping for a second to think about it, they get caught up in it, and they deeply regret it later, but unfortunately, can not take it back.

Why The Woman He Cheated With Probably Isn't Prettier, Sexier, Or More Desirable Than You: I can not tell you how often women tell me "I pictured the other woman to be young, cute, sexy, etc., but she isn't these things at all. I'm prettier than her. What in the world does / did he see in this woman?" There is a well known study which indicates that only roughly 10% of married men found the "other woman" more desirable than their wives. Most men know that their wives are better.

So, what in the world is the attraction? The way that she was able to make him feel about himself. Men miss the feeling that they had when the two of you first met. Again, they want the same things we all do - to feel desirable, alive, attractive, appreciated, and understood.

Mistresses are often very skilled at development a husband feel this way and they'll often present themselves in a lighthearted "no strings attached" sort of way that will lure a husband into reasoning that there are no repercussions. But, for husbands who make the mistake or looking this woman more than once, after a while, her horns will show. The "other woman" will often mess up when she begins to make more demands of his time, his attention, and his intentions, forcing a husband to "wake up" and see what a grave mistake he has in fact made.

The Affair Is Over, And I Want To Save My Marriage, But I Just Can't Move On. How Do I Know He Still Loves Me?: I hear this so often. It's so hard for women to believe that the affair can't happen again and that their husband still desires and truly loves them. Many wonder or confidentially fear that he's just putting on a show because he got caught.

Hopefully this description can show that an affair and love for a wife can coexist since men are masters at compartmentalizing, but it's also leading that you get what you need to heal. Make sure that your husband is remorseful, accountable, responsible, reassuring, available, and open to listen to your needs. However, you too have a responsibility to tell what you need from him.

This was very difficult for me personally. On the exterior my husband was doing "everything right," but I was still stuck. One day, I realized that part of the guess I was stuck was because I feared our relationship wasn't "exciting enough," and that I wasn't getting enough spontaneous affection to be reassured. But, I never told my husband this. And, he was afraid of doing these things for fear or appearing pushy or dissatisfied. But, once I told him these things and gave him the "all clear," things improved dramatically.

It's also vital that you give yourself permission to restore and heighten your self esteem. Because if you don't find yourself lovable, sexy and desirable, how can you in fact believe this of your husband? This is what in fact turned the angle for me. I went back to school, worked on my weight, ate healthfully, changed my appearance for the better, dressed more attractively, and fixed some flaws that bothered me and lessened my self esteem. I could not help but consideration further concentration I received from both men and women and, as silly as this sounds, this "proved" to me that I was in fact, desirable and worthwhile. Once I was able to do this, I was able to believe that not only could my husband desire and want me, he was crazy if he didn't - because I was a worthwhile person.

It's very leading that you see yourself as a whole, attractive, and worthy person. When I am honest with myself, I was not at this point before the affair, but luckily, I am there now. You may have been there before, and now just need to return to this place. Or maybe, like me, you were never there. But, in order to in fact move on, you must get there. And, I promise, either you stay married or not, you will happier as a woman once you do.

Understand that one act, by two habitancy (neither of whom was you) does not convert who you are. You are still the person you were before the affair, and you can overcome this and come to be even better, if you chose to do so. Don't let this beat you. Take performance and I promise, you'll find that you are stronger than you think.

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Art trainer Interview Questions

Art trainer Interview Questions-Questions

When interview committees and principals interview art teachers, they're finding for person who can join together with the whole culture of the school. They're finding for a person who empowers students to generate beautiful artwork, has a nearnessy in extra-curricular activities, and can effectively administrate students in a classroom full of messy, sloppy supplies. An art program is often the proud centerpiece of a school's curriculum and schools want to fill that position with the most competent art instructor available.

Questions

Interviewing is stressful for any candidate. My best guidance is to be prepared with a faultless teaching folder and to practice base interview questions beforehand. While you don't need to relate what you'll say word-for-word, it's not a bad idea to put in order yourself by reasoning about your responses to general questions that will be asked.

Art instructor candidates can expect the common, general instructor interview questions:

- Tell us about yourself.

- What are your strengths and weaknesses?

- How to you integrate technology into your teaching?

- How do you meet the needs of extra instruction students?

- How do you chronicle with parents?

But, when hiring art teachers, principals and interview committees have high expectations and often establish more specialized questions. Below are some base questions (and suggestions for answering them) for art instructor interviews:

1. chronicle some ways you present and display student work throughout the school and throughout the community.

Whether you like it or not, the art instructor is often responsible for setting the decor of the whole school. You'll likely be responsible for holding the halls full of student work and updating displays on a regular basis. You'll be the one they turn to when they want a mural painted on the gymnasium wall. They'll run to your room when it's time to set up the annual display in the district office building. And, when the community art show comes around, you'll be the one that is predicted to coordinate it. When it's time to generate the annual district events calendar, you know they'll be turning to the art instructor for a variety of high-quality student work samples. Art teachers have a Huge responsibility face of general teaching. You need to reassure the interview committee that you're aware of these responsibilities and are excited to take on these challenges.

2. Show us pictures of your work as an artist.

You should have your teaching folder with you at an interview. Since you're an artist, your folder should consist of pictures of your own artwork, in increasing to chapter plans and student artwork. Be sure the works you show the committee are acceptable for a school setting. Don't show them your most recent nude sketch or a violent scene. Keep the article of the material in your folder light, upbeat, and positive.

3. chronicle some of the art projects your students have loved.

This is a easy question. chronicle your "best work" as a teacher. In other words, you're finding to tell them about project that was absorbing to the students, educational in terms of artistic development, and well-received by others when it was displayed. Pass colse to some pictures of this chapter from your teaching portfolio!

4. How can you make the most of a small budget for art supplies?

Many school districts can't offer you huge amounts of money for art projects. construe that you're a natural deal shopper. You'll all the time seek out the best deals on art supplies.

You should remind the interviewer of your no-waste philosophy. You don't let kids throw away big scraps of paper that can be used again. You'll try to unclog those stuffed up glue bottles, rather than throw them away.

Also, let them know that you can make artwork from simple, everyday household objects. Maybe you know how to make Christmas ornaments from light bulbs or you can turn empty soup cans into lanterns.

5. How can you join together your activities in the art room into lessons taught within other subject areas?

You can easily join together art to communal Studies by teaching cultural art. Example: If students are learning about Australia, you can teach kids to make Aboriginal Dot Paintings in art. You can also join together art to historical themes by production connections with art history. You can also tie into Reading and Writing by teaching kids to chronicle and critique artwork.

6. Why do you think art is an foremost part of a child's education?

This answer, will of course, vary from person to person. Some things you might want to think about: Art is a small, but foremost part of a well-rounded instruction program. Art teachers stimulate students' imaginations, by encouraging them to express themselves creatively. Art teachers establish students' self-esteem, by allowing them to eye other talents they may have that go beyond the rest of the school's curriculum. And art teachers help students to great accept the world in which they live by absorbing them to view things in distinct ways.

7. Art teachers have a unique set of classroom supervision challenges because you see so many kids for such a short time-- what would you do when a kid is off-task, unmotivated, or not participating in a lesson?

The most efficient way of avoiding behavioral problems is to keep students interested, involved, and engaged from the occasion they walk into your room to the occasion they leave. It is important to have classroom rules posted clearly in your classroom. Routines are important-- kids should know where to sit, when to get materials, what the clean up procedures are. As the teacher, you must impose the rules and routines consistently each and every day.

Hopefully, you use inevitable reinforcement to encourage the best behaviors. You praise your students' efforts often, and you offer constructive commentary in a inevitable way. When kids do misbehave, it's best to cope situations on your own, when possible. (Only the most severe cases of disruption or violence should be sent to the office.) Taking away privileges or responsibility is often an efficient recipe for managing classroom behavior problems.

8. Art is an elective, which means you'll have to promote student interest in your courses. How will you do this?

This demand is for candidates that are interviewing for high school art positions. The simplest reply to construe how you engage students in worthwhile art activities. The final projects come out so beautifully that students are proud of their work, see their talent, and have a strong desire to generate more!

Happy interviewing!

For more instructor interview questions, I ask you to download my eBook Getting the Teaching Job of Your Dreams ( http://www.iwantateachingjob.com ). In it you will find 50 base interview questions and answers as well as practical guidance for getting the teaching job you want.

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Immunocal recap - Top 10 Questions Answered Here

Immunocal recap - Top 10 Questions Answered Here-Questions

Note: We will use the term "undenatured whey protein" or "bonded cysteine supplement" when referring to this supplement throughout the article.

Questions

1: What Is It?

This undenatured whey protein is a patented nutritional supplement. It is defined in the Physician's Desk Reference, (Pdr) where it is listed, as a nutraceutical, which is a food with corrective value.

Specifically, it states that it is "a U.S. Patented natural food protein concentrate in the Fda category of Gras (generally recognized as safe) which assists the body in maintaining optimal concentrations of glutathione (Gsh) by supplying the precursors required for intracellular glutathione synthesis. It is clinically proven to raise glutathione values." It is made from undenatured whey protein and is rich in an amino acid primary for glutathione production called bonded cysteine.

2: What does this bonded cysteine supplement do?

This undenatured whey protein is clinically proven to raise glutathione values. It provides cysteine, an primary amino acid for manufacture glutathione in your cells, in a safe bonded form so it gets to the cell. Once the cysteine is in the cell, it combines with two other amino acids, glycine and glutamate, to yield glutathione in the cell. It makes glutathione in all 100 trillion of our cells.

Undenatured whey protein is an prominent source for bonded cysteine because we don't get this in our diet anymore. It is found in raw meat, raw eggs, and raw milk, which most of us do not usually consume.

What does that mean for you? That there is a scientifically proven connection between glutathione and this bonded cysteine supplement. This undenatured whey protein does one thing - it raises your glutathione levels. Glutathione is your body's scholar antioxidant, immune principles optimizer, detoxifier, cellular power restorer, and anti-aging protein in each and every one of your cells. If you didn't have glutathione in your cells right now, you would be dead!

3: Is bonded cysteine the only way to raise glutathione?

No, it is not the only way. This undenatured whey protein and the over the counter drug N-acetyl-cysteine are the two most completely researched ways to raise glutathione at this time.

This bonded cysteine supplement is the branch of 27 published medical studies and has 75 international method-of-use or process patents assuring that it will assuredly raise your glutathione levels, even for definite disease states like Hiv, cancer, and cystic fibrosis.

N-acetyl-cysteine, or Nac, has been used in crisis rehabilitation for years to treat acetaminophen overdose. It may be purchased in much smaller doses at a condition food store. You should familiarize yourself with the inherent side effects for each of these treatments. The long term protection of supplementing with Nac is still under investigation.

4: Can I just take a glutathione pill?

You can, but it will not raise your glutathione levels. It will be destroyed in your gut.

5: Is this a bonded cysteine supplement scam, get rich quick or pyramid scheme?

You should do the explore and rule for yourself if this product represents a scam.

Is joining the team that sells this a get rich quick scheme? No, we have been working with the business for a concentrate years now, and we have not gotten rich.

We have gotten our product for free and paid some of our bills with our revenue that we have received. Some make no money in this business, others make very little, and a few go on to make very good money. If they do, it is because they have worked at it patiently and consistently for years, just as with any other legitimate business opportunity.

By far, most that join us do so because they assuredly love the product and want to share it with others. A pyramid task is illegal, and does not involve the sale of legitimate products. So this is not a pyramid scheme, nor it is a scam, unless you call a scientifically researched and patented product a scam. It would be good to do your own independent research, rather than rely on on my acknowledge to this question.

If you respect your doctor, you can print up the Pdr listing and the medical studies that name this undenatured whey protein and ask him what he thinks. By the way, all the drugs that your doctor can prescribe are listed in this same book along with this bonded cysteine supplement.

6: Who cannot take this undenatured whey protein?

Very few people. Specifically, those that are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and those that are allergic to definite milk proteins should not take this product.

The proteins in this product are albumin, lactoferrin, and lactalbumin. If you were allergic to your mother's breast milk as a baby, you may have this rare protein allergy.

7: Who should take this supplement?

Excepting the above, everyone! If you are healthy, you need high glutathione levels to stay healthy. If you are sick, you need high glutathione levels to bring your cells back to a state of optimal health.The Pdr listing specifically mentions " This (term substituted)bonded cysteine supplement as a strategy developed to address states of glutathione deficiency... Glutathione scantness states include, but are not miniature to: Hiv/Aids, infectious hepatitis, clear types of cancers, cataracts, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's, lasting obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, radiation, poisoning by acetaminophen and associated agents, malnutritive states, arduous corporal stress, aging, and has been associated with sub-optimal immune response." So if you fit into one of these categories, you should give extra attention to raising your glutathione levels with this undenatured whey protein.

8: I am on several different medications. Are there any drug interactions with bonded cysteine?

No. It is a food, and as such, may be taken safely with any and all medications. Additionally, the lactose has been removed from the product, as well as the casein and fat. All that remains are the very bioactive cysteine-rich proteins albumin, lactalbumin, and lactoferrin. The Pdr states that "( term substituted) This bonded cysteine supplement contains less than 1% lactose and therefore is ordinarily well tolerated by lactose-intolerant individuals."

9: What should I know about natural supplements?

Just because something is natural doesn't mean it is good for you. All the time do your explore when it comes to supplements. There is an online resource where you can view published medical studies, and this a place known as Pubmed. You can type in the name of this supplement there and view them for yourself.

10: Where can I buy it?

You can buy this undenatured whey protein without a prescribe from a registered counselor or licensee is your country. If you reside in the United States, Canada, the Uk, Ireland, or Trinidad and Tobago, you can purchase it from a registered consultant.

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All You Need to Know about Hair Follicle Drug Testing

All You Need to Know about Hair Follicle Drug Testing-Questions

Hair sample drug testing is a great way to detect either or not a someone has used drugs in the past 90 days. either in an office format or in the home, hair drug testing serves the purpose of answering questions about an individual's drug use history.

Questions

How Does Hair Follicle Drug Testing Work?

Hair drug testing is honestly quite uncomplicated and merely requires a sample of hair in order to be completed. Parents who are worried about their teen's use of drugs can procure a strand of hair from their pillow. Employers can invite a sample from their employees. Once a hair sample has been collected, it is sealed in an envelope and sent to a participating laboratory for completion. Hair testing is fast and more strict than other drug test forms.

For instance, hair sample drug testing can detect drug use for up to 90 days after use. The detection window is much larger in hair drug testing (compare it to few days for urine and saliva based drug testing) because trace amounts of drug chemicals become trapped inside each hair. A uncomplicated lab test can detect these trace chemicals production for either a certain or negative test result. Once the results are recorded, you are sent announcement of the results. Some associates even contribute a phone service where you call in, enter an inventory whole and retrieve the results in that way.

What Kinds of Drugs Can Hair Drug Testing Detect?

Hair sample drug testing can detect all of the major types of drugs, including marijuana, opiates, methamphetamines, Pcp, ecstasy, and cocaine. Hair follicle drug testing can detect the trace amounts of illicit substances trapped in the cortex of the hair for up to 90 days after use.

Employee drug testing programs often consolidate hair follicle drug testing into their plans because of the sheer accuracy of these tests. Even though hair testing is more costly that a urine drug test kit, for example, they can contribute a level of accuracy that is nearly ten times that of other testing methods. Likewise, hair follicle drug testing does not involve the embarrassing variety of samples like that of urine or saliva drug tests. In most cases, a few strands of hair is all that is needed to procure strict results.

Parents can also benefit from hair sample drug testing. Hair testing is varied and confidential. An personel can be tested without their knowledge, production it so parents can know the truth about their teen's drug use first before production accusations. By using hair drug testing in the home, parents can safeguard their teens against drug abuse, and help them quit the abuse should test results come back positive.

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How to Ask Questions in Hindi

How to Ask Questions in Hindi-Questions

When you're traveling to a non-English speaking country, you all the time need to know facts about the food, things to do, places to go, prices to pay........the list goes on and on. By knowing basic Hindi interrogatives, you'll be able to express your questions in India, even without an total vocabulary.

Questions

For example, say you're at an Indian street store and you want to ask the time. If you know adequate vocabulary, you could say "kya samay hua hai?" ("What is the time?"). But if you don't know the literal, words, you can also point to the watch and naturally say "kya?" and the stranger will understand that you want to know the time.

• Kya? - What? This examine is used most often and for everything from request the time to request what person has just said.
• Kyun? - Why? This is beneficial for seeing out the intuit for any activity.
• Kahan? - Where? Very leading if you need to ask for directions early on from some locals in case you won't get lost.
• Kaun? - Who? This is generally used to ask about the people.
• Kab? - When? This is beneficial for seeing out the times for trains etc.
• Kitna? - How much? This is beneficial for questions using a non-countable or single object.
• Kitne? - How many? This is used for questions using countable or plural objects.
• Kuan sa? - Which? This is probably used to ask to specify a thing or person from a amount of things or people.

Let's look at some distinct ways to put these examine words into a range beneficial phrase.

• Kya aap angrezi jaante ho? - Do you know English?
• Kaun hai woh? - Who is he?
• Kuch aur? - anything else?
• Kya aapko kuch aur chahiye? - Would you like anything else?
• Namaste! Kaun bol raha hai? - Hello! Who's speaking?
• Kya koi musibat hai? - Is there a problem?
• Kahan par railway hub hai? - Where is the railway station?
• Kya aap mujhe deekha sakte hain kahan per hai? - Can you show me where it is?
• Kaun si gali main mujhe jaana hai? - Which street should I go?

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productive Interview Questions For Hiring Managers

A lot of attentiveness is paid to skills for job candidates along with how to act, dress, the right questions to ask - and not to ask. Less attentiveness is given to the right kinds of questions for hiring managers to ask. While it is normally clear what the hiring owner Should Not And Can Not ask, small consideration is given to the right key questions. One of the most leading things any executive or owner can do is to hire the best people. As resume is only part of the story. Asking and getting responses to tough and probing questions is significant to eliminating the wrong candidates and identifying the right ones.

Tell Me A Bit About Your expert Background? Resume in hand, this is an chance to screen the candidate even if you or human resources has already done so over the phone. The key is two fold. First, to insure that what is of interest in the resume is addressed by the candidate. Second, to contemplate the candidate's poise, presence, tone, self-confidence, manner and body language. How would this someone come across to your boss, your boss's boss and to your top customers?

Tell Me About Your Education? A chance to see if what jumped out (or did not) to you is highlighted by the candidate. Is the story consistent? A follow-on request if a younger candidate can be about beloved course and why or least beloved course and why. This is an additional one chance to value demeanor, tone and body language.

Why Are You concerned In Xyz Company? This is an chance to see if the candidate did their homework about the company. If they are serious, they will tell clearly and concisely about the elements of the enterprise that motion to them adequate to want to work there. If they are vague in response to this question, it is not a good sign about how serious they are about the position.

What Are Your many Strengths? While this request has been asked for years, it speaks volumes about what is leading to the candidate and what the candidate thinks is leading to the enterprise Aka the hiring manager. This request can trigger some much exaggerated body language and eye contact.

What Is An Area Of development For You? This is a variation on the Strengths question. This is often less comfortable. Citizen like to talk about their strengths, not their weaknesses. That makes this request all the more leading and telling to the hiring manager. The key here is candor, professionalism and composure on the part of the candidate.

Read The Job description (do not paraphrase).

Why Do You Think You Are The Ideal Candidate For This Position? There is a happy medium in the middle of boasting and modesty. That is what the hiring owner is looking for here. It is also an additional one chance for the candidate to recap their skills and touch and present them specifically to the open position. Look for two or three key points in response to this question.

Where Do You Want To Be In Five Years? This can be a killer question. I know, I was way too honest on this one in my youth. The allowable acknowledge should be honest, thoughtful, realistic and to the benefit of the company. If the candidate wants a free education and then go on their own or to be the Ceo or to be lying on the beach, that's the end of the interview.

If You Were In This Job Tomorrow, What Are The First Things You Would Do And In What Priority? This tells the hiring owner whether the candidate has some understanding of the Company's mission, foresight and values. It tells whether they understand the basic functions connected to the job. It also gives the candidate an chance to show off their initiative while at the same time testing their sense of workplace reality.

What Questions Do You Have For Me? This can be the most telling request of all. It again gives the candidate an chance to show what they know about the Company. It is open and allow for probing and creative questions. It also let you know what is leading to the candidate - such as "when can I start taking vacation?" (Wrong question!).

When Can You Start? Even if you do not make a job offer (which is Rarely done during the interview), it is all the time leading to know the job candidate's availability, whether they are currently working, whether they have an additional one job in the wings or are just fishing.

While the questions a hiring owner can and should ask a job candidate are nearly endless, the right questions are essential. By Asking these questions every time, the hiring owner will get good at interviewing and will ultimately hire the best candidates for each job.

How Did Dinosaurs come to be Extinct?

The extinction of the dinosaurs occurred while then end of the Cretaceous Period, colse to 65 million years ago, and caused the loss of up to 70 percent of all life on the planet. Although this event was not the only mass extinction in Earth's history or the most severe, dinosaur extinction has spawned a range of theories from the credible to the less than believable.

Ice Age

If an Ice Age occurred while the Cretaceous duration a important whole of the planet's water and large areas of land would have been locked in ice. Since dinosaurs were thought to be cold blooded they would probably not have been able to cope with such greatest conditions and their numbers would have ultimately dwindled.

Disease

Disease is another hint for the extinction of the dinosaurs. It is difficult to see however how one disease could be so prevalent as to wipe out large swathes of the animal population, trip vast distances and kill off both land and marine species as well as plant life.

Climate Change

If a gradual convert in the earth's atmosphere occurred with a cooler, drier environment and an adapting plant life, possibly the dinosaurs would not have been able to adapt swiftly adequate to survive. The fossil records of dinosaur skulls show they could only have had small brains. This indicates dinosaurs relied on automated body responses rather than the cognitive, decision making responses warm blooded animals are known to make. Therefore a changing environment could have been difficult for dinosaurs to adapt to and they may not have been able to compete effectively with warm blooded animals.

Supernova

A supernova is a star that explodes with adequate energy to keep our sun burning for six billion years. If the Earth was hit by the resulting radiation from a colse to supernova it would have destroyed all dinosaur life. There is no evidence for a supernova causing the extinction of the dinosaurs, and it is difficult to see how whatever would have outlived such an event.

The Volcano Theory

It is known that volcanic action was extensive while the Cretaceous era, and is a credible hypothesize why the dinosaurs became extinct. The Deccan Traps in western India and areas in the Pacific Basin are likely sites for increased volcanic action at this time.

The consequences of large scale volcanic action would have led to a nuclear type winter with ash and gasses added to the atmosphere, depleting sunlight and creating difficult conditions for dinosaur species. Hydrochloric acid in particular would have broken down the ozone layer allowing harmful ultraviolet rays to penetrate to the surface.

The high level of volcanic action would also have emitted large volumes greenhouse gasses such as C02 and methane, addition the Earth's climatic characteristic and drastically changing the planet's climate. The effects on the dinosaurs would have been catastrophic as they struggled to acclimatize to the changing conditions, and large scale extinction of dinosaur species would have been inevitable.

Cretaceous sediments preserve the system of volcanic action as they contain higher than normal concentrations of minerals and sodium, both related with volcanoes. Cretaceous sediments can also contain volcanic rock.

The Asteroid Theory

In the late 1970's Luis and Walter Alvarez and scientists from the University of California were studying rocks of the K-T boundary (or Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary) in Gubbio, Italy. Within the clay layer of the K-T boundary they discovered concentrations of iridium thirty times higher than normal. The two natural sources of this rare element are asteroids and lava from the Earth's core, which led Luis and Walter Alvarez's team to first advise an asteroid collided with the Earth causing dinosaur extinction. The Alvarez team estimated the asteroid would need to be ten kilometers in diameter to contain adequate iridium to cause the iridium concentrations in the clay layer.

Further evidence to preserve an asteroid impact has emerged. The K-T boundary has two layers. The upper layer is three millimeters thick and includes soot which is believed to have come from global fires caused by the impact.

The lower level is two millimeters thick and contains ejecta from the asteroid impact site. This includes quartz crystals known as shock crystals which have been physically altered by high temperatures and intense pressure. The layer also contains tektites and micro tektites, which are often made of fused glass. Shocked crystals and tektites are both closely related with asteroid impact sites.

In 1990 the scientist Alan Hildebrand, after studying data gathered by geophysicists searching for oil, noticed a ring structure called Chicxulub off the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Chicxulub is a crater 180 kilometers in diameter and dates from colse to 65 million years ago, the same time as the extinction of the dinosaurs. It was estimated that an object ten kilometers in diameter impacting the site would have caused the crater, which fits the Alvarez team's calculations for the size of the asteroid to create the K-T boundary finds.

The Effects Of The Asteroid Impact On The Dinosaurs

It is estimated the speed of the asteroid would have been about 100,000 kilometers per hour and the first impact would have destroyed all things within a 500 kilometer radius. The intense shock wave that followed would have caused large scale fires, whilst trillions of tons of debris, gas and water vapor would have been thrown into the atmosphere.

Earthquakes, tidal waves, volcanic eruptions as well as high winds would have followed. The soot and debris in the atmosphere would have blocked out the sun for months prominent to fluctuating temperatures and severe disruption to photosynthesis. The global fires would have emitted large volumes of Co2, addition global temperatures and causing a chain reaction that would create sulphur dioxide falling as acid rain.

Fires would have destroyed up to twenty five percent of all vegetation, and with photosynthesis unable to function effectively plant eating dinosaurs would have starved. This in turn would have led to large scale deaths of the carnivores bringing dinosaurs to extinction. Smaller animals such as scavengers and birds that could have traveled longer distances in search for food would have been more likely to have survived.

Effects On marine Life

The levels of oxygen in the sea would have decreased as deep sea water was dragged to the covering by huge under water currents. Plankton would have died as a consequence prominent to a collapse of the food chain and extensive death. Acid rain may also have increased the acidity of the sea, killing vulnerable species.

Problems With The Asteroid Theory

Whilst an asteroid impact has gained ground over most other theories, there still remain problems with the theory. Paleontologists have yet to find dinosaur fossils dating to the time of the impact, and some evidence suggests dinosaurs may have already been extinct before this event. In fact dinosaurs had been steadily declining for tens of thousands of years before the Chicxulub asteroid impacted.

There have been a whole of mass extinction events in the Earth's history and a whole of large asteroid impacts. However, these impacts have never been the cause of mass extinctions. It is also known that some atmosphere sensitive species such as frogs survived the cretaceous extinction event, bringing into inquire the true long term effects of the asteroid on the environment.

In spite of these problems with the asteroid system it is still the strongest explanation for the extinction of the dinosaurs. possibly the reply lies not with one explanation for dinosaur extinction but a combination of factors such as the asteroid impacting at a time of increased volcanic activity. In the final analysis, possibly the extinction of the dinosaurs was a case of an accumulation of badly timed events that very few species could cope with.